. Columns:- 

Split text into two or more columns. 

Columns are a formatting option that divides your document into multiple vertical sections. This can be useful for creating newspapers, newsletters, or multi-column layouts for text and images.

How to Create Columns:

1. Select the Text: Highlight the text you want to format into columns.
2. Go to the “Page Layout” Tab: Click on the “Page Layout” tab in your word processing software.
3. Choose the Number of Columns:
   • Click on the “Columns” button and select the desired number of columns from the dropdown menu.
   • You can also choose options like “More Columns” for more customization.

5. Line Numbers:- 

Microsoft Word can automatically count the lines in a document and display the appropriate number  beside each line of text. 

Microsoft Word does have a built-in feature to automatically add line numbers to your document. This can be particularly useful for technical documents, legal documents, or any situation where precise referencing is important.

Here’s how to add line numbers in Microsoft Word:

1. Select the text: You can add line numbers to an entire document, a specific section, or a selected range of text.
2. Go to the “Page Layout” tab.
3. Click on “Line Numbers.”
4. Choose a numbering style: You can choose from different options, such as continuous numbering, restarting at each section or page, or numbering every 10th line.

6. Hyphenatioon:- 

If a word is too long to fit on the end of a line, Microsoft Word moves the word to the beginning of the  next line instead of hyphenating it. 

  Automatic Hyphenation:

• Enable: Go to the “Page Layout” tab, click on “Hyphenation,” and select “Automatic.”
• Customize: You can adjust the hyphenation settings to control the frequency and placement of hyphens.

  Manual Hyphenation:

• Insert a Hyphen: Place the cursor at the desired hyphenation point and press the hyphen key (-).
• Use Word’s Suggestions: Word can suggest hyphenation points. Simply accept or reject the suggested hyphens.

2. Page background Group:- 
3. Water mark:- 

Insert Ghosted text behinds the content on the page. 

How to Add a Watermark in Microsoft Word:

1. Go to the “Design” tab.
2. Click on “Watermark.”
3. Choose a Preset Watermark: Select a pre-designed watermark from the gallery.
4. Custom Watermark:
   • Text Watermark: Click on “Custom Watermark.”
   • In the “Text” tab, type the desired text.
   • Choose the font, size, color, and orientation of the text.
   • Picture Watermark: Click on the “Picture” tab.
   • Select an image from your computer to use as a watermark.
   • Adjust the transparency, size, and position of the image.

2. Page color:- 

Choose a color for the background of the page. 

Changing the Page Color in Word

You can change the background color of your entire document or specific sections. Here’s how:

1. Go to the Design tab: This tab contains options for customizing the appearance of your document.
2. Click on Page Color: This will open a color palette.
3. Choose a Color: Select a color from the available options. You can also choose “More Colors” for a wider range of colors.
4. Apply to All Pages: If you want to apply the color to all pages, right-click on the selected color and choose “Apply to All Pages.”

3. Page borders:- 

Add or change the border around the page. 

How to Add Page Borders in Microsoft Word:

1. Go to the “Design” tab.
2. Click on “Page Borders.”
3. Choose a Border Style: Select the desired style from the “Style” drop-down menu.
4. Select a Border Color: Choose a color for the border from the “Color” drop-down menu.
5. Adjust Border Width: Select the desired width for the border from the “Width” drop-down menu.
6. Apply to Pages: Choose whether you want to apply the border to all pages, a specific section, or a range of pages.
7. Click “OK” to apply the border.

3. Paragraph Group:- 

Indent:- 

Move in the Left (or) Right side of the paragraph by a certain amount. 

To change the Margins for the Whole document, Click thee margins button. 

Method 1: Using the Ruler

1. Select the paragraph you want to move.
2. Locate the ruler at the top of the document.
3. Drag the left or right indent marker to the desired position. The first-line indent marker controls the indentation of the first line, while the hanging indent marker controls the indentation of subsequent lines.

Method 2: Using the Keyboard

1. Select the paragraph.
2. Use the following keyboard shortcuts:
   • To indent the paragraph to the right: Press Ctrl+M.
   • To outdent the paragraph to the left: Press Shift+Tab.

Method 3: Using the Paragraph Dialog Box

1. Select the paragraph.
2. Go to the “Home” tab.
3. Click on the small arrow in the bottom-right corner of the “Paragraph” group.
4. In the “Indentation” section, adjust the “Left” or “Right” indent as needed.

Spacing:- 

Change the space between paragraphs by adding space above (or) below the selected paragraphs.

Types of Spacing:

1. Line Spacing:
   • Single-spacing: The most common spacing, where lines are closely spaced.
   • Double-spacing: Lines are spaced two lines apart, often used for academic papers and formal documents.
   • 5-line spacing: A compromise between single and double spacing, offering a balance of readability and compactness.
2. Paragraph Spacing:
   • Before Spacing: Adds space before a paragraph.
   • After Spacing: Adds space after a paragraph.
3. Character Spacing:
   • Adjusts the space between individual characters.

How to Adjust Spacing in Word:

1. Select the Text: Highlight the text you want to adjust.
2. Go to the “Home” Tab: Click on the “Home” tab in your word processing software.
3. Use the Line and Paragraph Spacing Options:
   • Line Spacing: Click on the line spacing button and choose the desired spacing.
   • Paragraph Spacing: Use the “Before” and “After” options to adjust the spacing between paragraphs.
4. Character Spacing:
   • Click on the “Font” tab and adjust the character spacing using the “Character Spacing” button.

 Arrange Group:- 

Position:- 

Position the selected object on the page 

Text is automatically set to wrap around the object. 

Here are some common methods to position objects:

1. Dragging and Dropping:
   • Simply click and drag the object to the desired location on the page.
2. Using the Alignment Tools:
   • Align Left: Aligns the left edges of multiple objects.
   • Align Right: Aligns the right edges of multiple objects.
   • Align Top: Aligns the top edges of multiple objects.
   • Align Bottom: Aligns the bottom edges of multiple objects.
   • Distribute Horizontally: Spreads objects evenly horizontally.
   • Distribute Vertically: Spreads objects evenly vertically.
3. Using the Layout Tab:
   • Position: Adjust the exact position of an object using the “Position” button.
   • Wrap Text: Control how text wraps around the object (e.g., In Line with Text, Top and Bottom, Square, Tight, Through).
4. Using the Ruler:
   • Drag the object to the desired position using the ruler as a guide.

Bring to front:- 

Bring the selected object in front of all other objects. 

So that no part of it is hidden behind author object. 

Bring to Front is a feature in word processing software that allows you to move an object to the top layer of a stack of objects. This is useful when you have multiple objects overlapping each other and you want to bring a specific object to the forefront.

Here’s how to bring an object to the front in Microsoft Word:

1. Select the object: Click on the object you want to bring to the front.
2. Use the Drawing Tools Format tab:
   • Click on the Bring Forward This will move the object one layer forward.
   • To bring the object all the way to the front, click on Bring to Front.

Alternatively, you can use the following keyboard shortcut:

• Ctrl+Shift+Right Arrow: This will bring the selected object one layer forward.

Send to Back:- 

Send the selected object behind all other objects. 

Send to Back is the opposite of Bring to Front. It moves an object to the bottom layer of a stack of objects. This is useful when you have multiple overlapping objects and want to position an object behind others.

Here’s how to send an object to the back in Microsoft Word:

1. Select the object: Click on the object you want to send to the back.
2. Use the Drawing Tools Format tab:
   • Click on the Send Backward This will move the object one layer backward.
   • To send the object all the way to the back, click on Send to Back.

Alternatively, you can use the following keyboard shortcut:

• Ctrl+Shift+Left Arrow: This will send the selected object one layer backward.

Text wrapping:- 

Change the way text wraps around the selected objects. 

To configure the objects so that it move along with the text around it, select “In line with text”.

Text Wrapping is a feature in word processing software that allows you to control how text flows around images or other objects. This is useful for creating visually appealing layouts and integrating images seamlessly into your document.

Common Text Wrapping Options:

1. In Line with Text: The image is treated as a character and can be moved freely within the text.
2. Top and Bottom: The text flows above and below the image.
3. Square: The text wraps around the image in a rectangular shape.
4. Tight: The text wraps tightly around the contours of the image.
5. Through: The text flows through the image, creating a layered effect.
6. Behind Text: The image is placed behind the text, allowing the text to fully cover it.
7. In Front of Text: The image is placed in front of the text, overlapping it.

How to Wrap Text in Microsoft Word:

1. Select the Image: Click on the image to select it.
2. Access the Format Tab: The “Format” tab will appear on the ribbon.
3. Choose a Wrapping Option: Click on the “Wrap Text” button and select the desired option from the dropdown menu.

Align:- 

Align the edges of multiple selected objects you can also centre then or distribute them evenly across  the page 

Aligning Objects in Word

To align multiple objects in Word, you can use the following steps:

1. Select the Objects: Hold down the Shift key and click on each object you want to align.
2. Access the Format Tab: Once the objects are selected, the “Format” tab will appear.
3. Use the Align Tools:
   • Align Left: Aligns the left edges of the selected objects.
   • Align Center: Centers the selected objects horizontally.
   • Align Right: Aligns the right edges of the selected objects.
   • Distribute Horizontally: Spreads the objects evenly horizontally.
   • Align Top: Aligns the top edges of the selected objects.
   • Align Middle: Aligns the middle of the selected objects vertically.
   • Align Bottom: Aligns the bottom edges of the selected objects.
   • Distribute Vertically: Spreads the objects evenly vertically.

Group:- 

Group objects together so that the can be treated like a single object. 

That’s correct! Grouping objects together in Word allows you to treat multiple objects as a single unit. This makes it easier to manipulate them as a whole.

Here’s a quick recap of how to group objects:

1. Select the Objects: Click and drag a box around the objects you want to group, or hold Ctrl and click on each object individually.
2. Group the Objects:
   • Right-click on one of the selected objects and choose Group > Group.
   • Or, go to the Format tab and click Group > Group.

Once grouped, you can:

• Move the group: Click and drag the group to a new location.
• Resize the group: Click and drag the handles of the bounding box to resize the group.
• Rotate the group: Click and drag the rotation handle to rotate the group.
• Apply formatting to the group: Apply formatting like color, line style, or effects to the entire group.

Remember, you can ungroup objects later if needed. To ungroup, right-click on the group and select Group > Ungroup.

Rotate:- 

Rotate or flip the selected object.

Rotating an Object:

1. Select the Object: Click on the object you want to rotate.
2. Access the Format Tab: The “Format” tab will appear on the ribbon.
3. Rotate the Object:
   • Use the Rotation Handle: Click and drag the green rotation handle on the object to rotate it manually.
   • Use the Rotate Button: Click on the “Rotate” button in the “Arrange” group and choose a specific rotation angle or use the “More Rotation Options” to customize the rotation.

Flipping an Object:

1. Select the Object: Click on the object you want to flip.
2. Access the Format Tab: The “Format” tab will appear on the ribbon.
3. Flip the Object:
   • Flip Vertically: Click on the “Flip Vertical” button to mirror the object vertically.
   • Flip Horizontally: Click on the “Flip Horizontal” button to mirror the object horizontally.

References Tab:-

Table of contents Group:- 

A table of contents is just like the list of chapters at the beginning of a book. It lists each section in the  document and the page number where that section begins. A really basic table of contents might look like  this: 

Here’s how to create a table of contents in Microsoft Word:

1. Apply Headings:
   • Use the built-in heading styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, etc.) to format the titles of your sections and subsections.
2. Insert the Table of Contents:
   • Go to the “References” tab.
   • Click on the “Table of Contents” button.
   • Choose the desired table of contents style.

Customizing Your Table of Contents:

1. Modify the Table of Contents:
   • Right-click on the table of contents and select “Modify Table of Contents.”
   • Customize the appearance of the table of contents, including font, font size, and spacing.
2. Update the Table of Contents:
   • If you make changes to your document’s headings, you may need to update the table of contents.
   • Right-click on the table of contents and select “Update Table of Contents.”

You could create a table of contents manually, typing the section names and page numbers, but it would take a lot of work. And if you ever decide to rearrange your sections or add more information, you’ll have to update everything all over again. However, with the right formatting, Word can create and update a table of contents automatically.